Measures

About Me (Reynolds Child Depression Scale)

The Reynolds Child Depression Scale (RCDS, also called the 'About Me' questionnaire) is a 30 item self-report measure of depressive symptoms developed by Reynolds (1989a, 1989b).

About My Parent

Adapted from the Positive Parenting and Discipline measures of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (see Thornberry, Huizinga, & Loeber, 1995). Pittsburgh Youth Study, The Department of Psychiatry of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

About Myself (Reynolds Child Depression Scale)

About Myself (Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, RADS; Reynolds, 1986) is a 30-item scale that asks the child to rate their feelings. The ratings are then used to assess whether the child is demonstrating signs of clinical depression.

ADHD Checklist – Parent

The ADHD checklist was developed by DuPaul (1990), by taking the 14 items listed as criteria for ADHD in the DSMIII-R and placing them into a checklist format. In the original validation study, norms were collected on a large sample of children from central Massachusetts. Based upon analyses from this sample, the investigators suggested that four scores could be computed: 1) number of symptoms present - scored by adding the number of items rated as 2 or higher, with a score of 8 or more exceeding the DSMIII-R cutoff for a diagnosis of ADHD, 2) total score - scored by summing the total number of points for all 14 items, with scores exceeding the 1.5 standard deviation mark above the mean for age/sex being a clinically significant score, 3) inattentive-hyperactive - scored by summing the items that loaded on this factor, and 4) impulsive-hyperactive - scored by summing the items that loaded on this factor.

ADHD Checklist – Teacher

The ADHD checklist was developed by DuPaul (1990), by taking the 14 items listed as criteria for ADHD in the DSMIII-R and placing them into a checklist format. Based upon analyses from this sample, the investigators suggested that four scores could be computed: 1) number of symptoms present, 2) total score, 3) inattentive-hyperactive and, 4) impulsive-hyperactive.

Adolescent Stories

Adolescent Stories (CPPRG, 1999) captures the adolescent’s anticipated responses to and feelings about 6 hypothetical unfair or difficult social situations and yields scales capturing hostile attributions, benign attributions, feeling angry and feeling worried.

Adult Behavior Checklist – Friend

The Adult Problem Behavior Checklist is based on Achenbach's (1997) 126 item meaure. This measure assesses multiple traits and was applied to a peer nominated by the Fast Track respondent. All questions of this measure applied to the Fast Track respondent as reported by the nominated peer.

Adult Self Report

The Adult Self Report protocol, a self-administered survey, was first developed by Thomas M. Achenbach (1990; 1997) and was derived from another widely-used standardized measure in child psychology, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The YSR was designed to assess the emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents in a standardized format. It assessed internalizing (i.e., anxiety, depression, and overcontrolled) and externalizing (i.e., aggressive, hyperactivity, noncompliant, and undercontrolled) behaviors.

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)

Attitudes About Behavior

Developed for the Pittsburgh Youth Study (Loeber, Stouthamer-Loeber, van Kammen & Farrington, 1991 and 1998). Pittsburgh Youth Study, The Department of Psychiatry of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

Beck Depression Inventory

Behavior Screen for Siblings

Being A Parent

The Being a Parent scale is an adaptation of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978), which assesses parenting self-esteem. The 12 items assess parent's sense of competence and satisfaction with parenting.

Brief Symptom Inventory – Parent

The Brief Symptom Inventory is a 53-item self-report symptom inventory designed to reflect the psychological symptom patterns of psychiatric and medical patients and non-patients. This inventory reports profiles of nine primary symptom dimensions and three global indices of distress (Derogatis, 1993).

Brief Symptom Inventory – Youth

Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test (CUDIT)

Child Behavior Checklist

The Child Problem Behavior Checklist was generated from the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1981), the Revised Behavior Problem Checklist (Quay & Peterson, 1987) and other behavior checklists.

Child Problem Behavior Checklist

The Child Problem Behavior Checklist is a 24-item measure which was generated from the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1981), the Revised Behavior Problem Checklist (Quay & Peterson, 1987) and other behavior checklists.

Child Report of Parental Monitoring

The Child Report of Parental Monitoring contains 11 items taken from two separate scales reported by Patterson and Capaldi in their book, Psychometric properties of fourteen latent constructs from the Oregon Youth Study (1989). Items are from the Oregon Study Child Interview and the Oregon Study Telephone Interview.

Coder Impressions Inventory

The Coder Impressions Inventory (CII) is an adaptation of several impression scales from the Oregon Social Learning Center, including the Observer Impressions Inventory (Capaldi & Patterson, 1989). This measure is based on the observer's overall impressions of the parent, child and their interactions. The measure consists of 59 items and a 6-item addendum, both of which are completed at the same time.

COGA Family History of Alcohol & Other Substance Disorders

The COGA Family History of Alcohol and Other Substance Disorders measure (Begleiter, H. ,1995) is a 70 question survey funded in 1989 by the National Institutes of Health with the goal of identifying the specific genes underlying the vulnerability to alcoholism.

Conflict Tactics Scale

The Conflict Tactics Scale was developed by Murrary Straus to measure strategies for handling conflict within the family (Straus 1979). This scale is widely used in research regarding family conflict. There have been many different versions of the CTS used in various studies.

Conflict Tactics Scale – Self-Report about Own Parenting Behavior

Contact with Police

Police Contact is a 41-item tool used to interview middle and high school students about their encounters with the police and the justice system during the previous year. This measure (Huizinga, 1991) was adapted from the Youth Interview Schedule used in the Denver Youth Survey, The University of Colorado, Institute of Behavior Sciences, Boulder, Colorado.

Contact with Police/Court System

The Contact with Police/Court System is an adaptation of the original measure designed by Huizinga which contained 41 items (Denver Youth Survey). This 29-item instrument is designed to measure the respondent contact with the police and court system.

Contact with Police/Court System – Friend

Contact with Police/Court System is a 29-item instrument designed to measure respondent’s friend reporting with regard to relations with police and courts. The questionnaire is an adaptation of the original measure designed by Huizinga which contained 41 items (Denver Youth Survey).

Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children – Child

The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children is a highly structured interview designed to assess DSM-IV psychiatric disorders and symptoms in children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years. The DISC was designed to be given by lay interviewers for epidemiological research. It has a parent and a child version, both of which ask about the child's psychiatric symptoms

Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children – Parent

The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children: Parent is a highly structured interview designed to assess DSM-IV psychiatric disorders and symptoms in children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years. The DISC was designed to be given by lay interviewers for epidemiological research. It has a parent and a child version, both of which ask about the child's psychiatric symptoms.

Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children – Young Adult

The NIMH Young Adult Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (YADISC-IV) assesses DSM-IV psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses in young adults up to age 24 and older adolescents who live without a parent or guardian. The DISC was designed to be given by lay interviewers for epidemiological research.

Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-20)

Education – Grade 12 and Beyond

Education (Grade 12 and Beyond) - (Schooling-Post High School-NLSY97, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2001; National Longitudinal Survey, 1997). This is a series of questions documenting any schools (e.g., college, voc-tech) that youth experience post-high school. These items were utilized from the National Longitudinal Survey.

Education Information

The Education Information is an 8-item instrument designed to establish the educational achievement of the respondent. The original scoring method was established by Howe and Frazis (1992) at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as part of the National Longitudinal Surveys (NLSY97, Round 3).

Emotion Recognition Questionnaire

The Emotion Recognition Questionnaire (ERQ) is based on vignettes created for emotion research and therapy by Ribordy, Camras, Stefani, and Spaccarelli (1988). The original questionnaire consisted of 30 vignettes that described in one or two sentences various situations applicable to children that are likely to produce one of six particular emotions: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust.

Employment

Employment - NLSY97 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2001; National Longitudinal Survey, 1997). This is a series of questions, first given in 10th grade, that document all aspects of employment during the previous year. Question concern employment, work assigned, earnings, training on the job, relations with co-workers, and reasons for termination. These questions are adapted from the employment section of the National Longitudinal Survey.

Employment and Income – Grade 12 and Beyond

The Income and Employment-Grade 12 and Beyond scale was developed for the current study. Items were utilized from National Youth Longitudinal Study NLSY97 Round 3 Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Youth Study Measure PL3130-Education.

Employment History

The original Employment History questionnaire was created by Howe and Frazis (1992) at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as part of the National Longitudinal Surveys (NLSY97, Round 3). The Items used in the Fast Track interviews were adapted from the NLYS97.

Ethnic Identity – Oyserman

Ethnic Identity-Oyserman (Oyserman, et al, 1995) is a 12-item scale which assesses the child's feelings about their racial and ethnic community. There are questions regarding the child's view of their community, the child's connection to the community, and the child's perception of how others outside their community view his or her community.

Ethnic Identity – Phinney

Ethnic Identity-Phinney (Adolescent Pathways Project, 1994) is a 9-item scale adapted from a measure developed by Phinney (1992) which assesses their feelings about the ethnic identity group with which they identify. The scale includes three factors: exploration, group-esteem, and ambivalent (confusion or discontent regarding ethnicity) ethnic attitutudes.

Expectations/Aspirations

Developed for the Pittsburgh Youth Study (Loeber, Stouthamer-Loeber, van Kammen & Farrington, 1991) which was adapted from instruments developed by the staffs of the Institute of Behavioral Science and of the Rochester Youth Development Study. Pittsburgh Youth Study, The Department of Psychiatry of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

Extracurricular Activity Survey

The Extracurricular Activity Survey is a self-report instrument, adapted from Peters, et al, (1995), which assesses the child's involvement and satisfaction in after-school activities in the domains of school, community, church, and employment.

Family Expressiveness Questionnaire

Family Expressiveness Questionnaire is a 13-item revision of the original 40-item measure developed by Halberstadt (1986). This parent report measure assesses the frequency and nature of family communication of both positive and negative emotional states.

Family Information Form

Family Information Form – Youth

Fear Of Crime Questionnaire

Feelings about Being a Parent

Feelings About Neighborhood

Feelings Scale (CES-D)

The Feelings Scale (Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression; CES-D) is a 20-item self-report measure designed to measure depressive symptoms in the general population (Radloff, 1977). The scale was developed to assess current levels of symptomatology, with emphasis on the affective component, namely, depressed mood. As compared with other depression scales that are used primarily for diagnosis, the CES-D is interpreted in terms of the level of symptoms and the association between depressive symptoms and other variables. The scale has been used extensively in other studies (e.g., Myers & Weissman, 1980; Roberts & Vernon, 1983) and is a useful tool to assess depressive symptoms in large samples.

Financial Stress

General Violence Questionnaire

General Violence Questionnaire (Holtzworth-Munroe, Meehan, Stuart, Herron, & Rehman, 2000) assesses the presence of violence in social interactions with romantic partners, same-gender friends, opposite-gender friends, adult family members, acquaintances at work place, strangers and other acquaintances.

General Violence Questionnaire – Friend

The General Violence Questionnaire is a 47-item instrument (Holtzworth-Munroe, Meehan, Stuart, Herron, & Rehman, 2000) assesses the presence of violence in social interactions with romantic partners, same-gender friends, opposite-gender friends, adult family members, acquaintances at work place, strangers and other acquaintances as being reported by a nominated friend.

Guns and Gangs

Guns and Gangs – Revised

Handling Race Experiences

Health Status

Health Status is a 9-item questionnaire derived from the Short Form Health Survey, and the RAND 36-item Health Survey 1.0 (Ware, J., Jr. and Sherbourne, C.D.). The participant answers questions about health conditions, chronic conditions, pain and conditions impeding normal work.

Health Status – Friend

Friend-Health Status (Ware, J. Jr. and Sherbourne, C.D.) is a 6-item set about the Fast Track respondent’s health conditions, chronic conditions, pain and conditions impeding normal work as reported by a nominated friend.

Home Interview with Child

Intervention for Control Children

Interview on Emotional Experience

Interview on Emotional Experience – Grade 3+

Inventory of Parent Experiences

Juvenile and Adult Court Records

Levenson Self-Report Psycopathy

The Levenson Self-Report Psycopathy Instrument is one of two subscales of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A., & Fitzpatrick, C. M. (1995)). The 16 items primary psychopathy scale evaluates antisocial behaviors found in typical students.

Life Changes

Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support

My Exposure to Violence

The My Exposure to Violence (Buka & Selner-O'Hagen, 1997) instrument has been developed for the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (Earls & Buka, 1977). It requests information on exposure to 24 different types of violent events. For each type of event information is sought on the frequency of exposure, the setting in which it occurred, and the identity of victim and perpetrator. The measure has three primary scales; (1) witnessing violent events, (2) victimization, and (3) total exposure.

My Exposure to Violence – Revised

The My Exposure to Violence-Revised (Buka & Selner-O'Hagen, 1997) instrument has been developed for the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (Earls & Buka, 1977) requests information on exposure to 24 different types of violent events. For each type of event information is sought on the frequency of exposure, the setting in which it occurred, and the identity of victim and perpetrator. The measure has three primary scales; (1) witnessing violent events, (2) victimization, and (3) total exposure.

Neighborhood and Government Programs

Neighborhood and Government Programs, Howe, D., & Frazis, D. (1992), is a 41-item questionnaire derived from the the National Longitudinal Surveys study.

Neighborhood Questionnaire

Normative Beliefs About Aggression

The Normative Beliefs About Aggression (NOBAG) was originally developed by Nancy Guerra (U. of Illinois, Chicago) and L. Rowell Huesmann (U. of Michigan) as a measure for assessing a child's beliefs about the acceptability of specific aggressive behaviors in specific contexts. The initial 35 items varied along the dimensions of severity of provocation, severity of response, gender of provoker, and gender of responder. Piloting of the scale suggested revisions of the scale which resulted in the 20-item scale

Overview of Sexual Experiences

The Overview of Sexual Experiences, Capaldi, Deborah (2002), is a 37-item questionnaire on sexual intercourse, the partner’s gender, contraceptives, forced sexual contact, sexual orientation, comfort in discussing contraceptives, safe sex with partners, HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.

Parent Checklist

Parent Child Communication – Child

Adapted from the Revised Parent-Adolescent Communication Form of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (see Loeber, Farrington, Stouthamer-Loeber, & van Kammen, 1998; Thornberry, Huizinga, & Loeber, 1995). Pittsburgh Youth Study, The Department of Psychiatry of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

Parent Child Communication – Parent

Parent Daily Report

The Parent Daily Report is a 30-item checklist of behavior problems developed at the Oregon Social Learning Center.

Parent Issues Checklist

The Parent Issues Checklist is a modification of a 44-item instrument developed by Prinz, Foster, Kent & O'Leary (1979) and Robin & Foster (1989), which is purported to measure conflictual issues and the perceived intensity of anger over these issues.

Parent Questionnaire

The Parent Questionnaire is an adaptation of Strayhorn and Weidman's (1988) Parent Practices Scale, which consists of 34 items related to parenting behaviors and cognitions based on parent training goals and preschool-aged children.

Parent Report on Child’s Close Friends

Parent Satisfaction Questionnaire

Parent Screen

Parent Teacher Involvement – Parent

Parent Teacher Involvement – Teacher

Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire – Self-Report about Own Parenting Behavior

Parental Health

Parental Monitoring – Self-Report about Own Parenting Behavior

Parental Monitoring of Technology – Self-Report about Own Parenting Behavior

Parental Report on Child’s Delinquency

Parenting

Parenting is a 24-item combination of two measures previously used in the Fast Track project namely, the Being a Parent Scale which is an adaptation of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978), which assesses parenting self-esteem, and the Conflict Tactics Scale (Murray Straus, 1979) used to measure strategies for handling conflicts within the family.

Parenting – Friend

Parenting (friend version) is a 12-item selection from a measure previously used in the Fast Track project, called the Conflict Tactics Scale (Murray Straus, 1979) designed to establish the respondent’s parenting skills. This friend version measures the frequency of occurrence of things the nominated friend of the respondent asserts the TC might have done to his/her child(ren).

Parenting – Primary Caregiver

Adapted from the Parental Discipline Scale and Parent Praise (Loeber, Stouthamer-Loeber, van Kammen & Farrington, 1991 and Thornberry, Huizinga, & Loeber, 1995). The Parental Discipline Scale is a revised version of the Discipline Scale. The Parent Praise scale is from the Positive Parenting Scale. Both are from the Pittsburgh Youth Study, The Department of Psychiatry of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

Parenting Practices Inventory

Parenting Practices Inventory for Offspring

PCIT – Interaction Ratings Scale

PCIT – Observer Impressions

PCIT – Reliability

PCIT – Reliability – Grade 5+

PCIT Behavioral Coding System

People in My Life

Positive Parenting – Self-Report about Own Parenting Behavior

Possible Selves

Possible Selves (Oyserman & Saltz, 1993). The child is first asked to list expectations for the coming year, how they plan to achieve these expectations, and finally to rate the likelihood of achieving these expectations. In the second part of the measure, the child is asked to list all of the things they would like to avoid in the coming year, how they plan to achieve this, and finally to rate the likelihood of avoiding these behaviors.

Post-Intervention Ratings of Change

Post-Intervention Ratings of Change – Grade 4+

Post-Visit Reaction Inventory – Child

Post-Visit Reaction Inventory – Parent

Post-Visit Reaction Inventory – Youth

Pregnancy

Problem Solving Discussion Rating – Child

The Problem Solving Discussion Rating (Child) scale is a modification of a 6-item instrument developed by the Oregon Social Learning Center (1991).

Problem Solving Discussion Rating – Parent

Problem Solving Discussion Rating (Parent) is a modification of a 6-item instrument developed by the Oregon Social Learning Center (1991).

Prosocial Activities

The Prosocial Activities measure (Caprara, G.V., Steca, P., Zelli, A., & Capanna, C. (2005)) was developed to gauge a subject’s involvement in activities outside of work or school. There are 17 items on the measure concerning religious activity, a subject’s involvement in non-religious activities, and civic volunteer participation.

Psychopathy Screening Device

The Psychopathy Screening Device is a measure designed to identify dimensions integral to the description of childhood psychopathy. This instrument was developed as an extension of the adult Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991) for use with children, with each of the 20-items of the PCL-R being developed into an analogous item applicable to children.

Qualitative Launch Interview – Parent

Qualitative Launch Interview with Parent assesses parents' experiences with the 10-year intervention; therefore, it is administered only to families in the intervention sample. (There is a parallel version of the interview for youth.) A combination of open-ended and likert-scaled questions ask about parents' level of participation in the components of the intervention, and how helpful these components were. A last set of questions addresses the general impact of Fast Track on their lives. This measure will have been administered to intervention parents in cohorts 1 and 2 during the current funding period. It will be administered to cohort 3 parents in the proposed funding period.

Qualitative Launch Interview – Youth

Qualitative Launch Interview with Youth assesses youths' experiences with the 10-year intervention; therefore, it is administered only to youth in the intervention sample. A combination of open-ended and likert-scaled questions ask about youths' level of participation in the components of the intervention, and how helpful these components were. A last set of questions addresses the general impact of Fast Track on their lives. This measure will have been administered to intervention youth in cohorts 1 and 2 during the current funding period. It will be administered to cohort 3 youth in the proposed funding period.

Questions Regarding Driving

Developed for the Pittsburgh Youth Study (see Loeber, R., and Stouthamer-Loeber, M.,1991). Pittsburgh Youth Study, The Department of Psychiatry of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

Race Coping

Recent Growth

Recent Growth is a 7-item scale adapted from the Pubertal Development Scale (Peterson, Crockett, Richards, & Boxer, 1988) which assesses children's physical development. In a number of studies it has shown good reliability and validity (Carskadon & Acebo, 1993). Recent Growth was revised to 16-items in year 10 of this study.

Relationship Adjustment Scale

The Relationship Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976) is a 28-item instrument which is an adaptation of Spanier's (1976) Dyadic Adjustment Scale which assesses marital satisfaction.

Religiosity

Romantic Partner Drug Use/Other Behaviors

The Romantic Partner Drug Use and Other Behaviors Survey (Bearman, P.S., Jones, J., & Udry, J.R. (1997)) is a 22 question, non-scaled survey. The series of questions are designed to measure the multiple aspects of a romantic partner’s alcohol use, drug use and illegal activities.

Romantic Relationships

Romantic Relationships Questionnaire is a 41-item instrument based on measures used in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Starfield et al., 1995 (Child Health and Illness Profile-Adolescent Edition). The measure assesses sexual activity and what, if any, sexually transmitted diseases have been contracted.

SACA – Brief

Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA-C). This computerized interview is a revised version of the Service Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA; Stiffman et al., 2000). This measure was developed by the team of researchers in the UNOCCAP Project for NIMH. It assesses the frequency, duration, type, and cost of mental health and social services associated with the child's behavior, substance abuse, and delinquency. It has been adapted to also include school-based and court services.

SACA – Full

Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents was authored by Stiffman, A. R., Horwitz, S. M., Hoagwood, K., Compton, W., Cottler, L., Bean, D. L., Narrow, W. E., & Weisz, J.R. (2000). This measure was used by Fast Track to collect parents' reports of their children's mental health service-use history. The instrument asks a maximum of 331 questions on service use by their child (plus 10 introductory demographic questions).

SACA – Not So Brief

SACA – Not So Brief – Revised

SACA for Kids

SACA for Siblings

SACA for Young Adults

Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA-C). This computerized interview is a revised version of the Service Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA; Stiffman et al., 2000). This measure was developed by the team of researchers in the UNOCCAP Project for NIMH. It assesses the frequency, duration, type, and cost of mental health and social services associated with the young adult's behavior, substance abuse, and delinquency. It has been adapted to also include school-based and court services.

SACA for Young Adults – Revised

Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA-C). This computerized interview is a revised version of the Service Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA; Stiffman et al., 2000). This measure was developed by the team of researchers in the UNOCCAP Project for NIMH. It assesses the frequency, duration, type, and cost of mental health and social services associated with the young adult's behavior, substance abuse, and delinquency. It has been adapted to also include court services.

School Adjustment – Child

School Adjustment – Child – Revised

School Adjustment – Parent

School Adjustment – Parent – Revised

School Observations – MOOSES/ASKER

The School Observation measures (Multi-Option Observation System for Experimental Studies (MOOSES), Tapp, J.T., Wehby, J.H., & Ellis, D.N. (1995)) were developed for the Fast Track Project for real-time collection of target children’s interactions with their teachers and peers. The measures assess the frequency and duration of interactions with peers and teachers as well as the valence of those interactions (i.e. positive or negative).

School Records

Beginning in first grade the School Record information has been collected using a modified version of the School Archival Records Survey (SARS: Walker, Block, Todis, Barckley & Severson, 1988). A staff member works with school personnel to collect information each year on the following: absences and days tardy, number of school changes in the past year, grades by subject, standardized achievement test reports, academic and behavioral referrals, number of suspension and expulsions, presence of an IEP and special education state classification, level of services, types of services, and total minutes of service in regular classroom, resource or special needs class.

School Records – Academic and Attendance

School Records – Academic and Attendance – Revised

School Records – Disciplinary Actions

School Records – Disciplinary Actions – Revised

Seattle Personality Questionnaire

Seattle Personality Questionnaire – Grade 3+

Self Efficacy–Emotional and Parental

Self-Efficacy In School

Self-Efficacy in School measure is a 6-item scale developed by Cook (1998). The measure asks the children about how they do in school at meeting parent and teacher expectations, performance in the classroom, ability to ask for help on schoolwork, etc.

Self-Report of Close Friends

The Self Report of Close Friends was developed for the Seattle Social Development Project (O'Donnell, Hawkins & Abbott, 1995). A modified version was used by the Fast Track Project.

Self-Report of Close Friends – Revised

The Self Report of Close Friends was developed for the Seattle Social Development Project (O'Donnell, Hawkins & Abbott, 1995). A modified version was used by Fast Track in year 8. Further revisions were implemented in year 9 and that revised version was used through year 13.

Self-Report of Close Friends – Version III

Self-Reported Delinquency

The Self-Reported Delinquency (Elliot, Huizinga, Heton, 1985) was used in the Pittsburgh Youth Study.

Service Assessment for Children and Adolescents

Sexuality and Consequences

Sexuality and Consequences is designed to assess respondents' relationships and sexual activity. This measure is an updated version of an earlier measure used by the Fast Track Project called Romantic Relationships Questionnaire and was first used in year 13. Questions were derived from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Wave III measures and Pittsburgh Youth Study Measure 07035 - Sexual Activity.

Shortened Inventory of Problems – Alcohol and Drugs

The Shortened Inventory of Problems Alcohol and Drugs is a 15-item instrument adapted by Blanchard et al from Drinker Inventory of Consequences developed by Miller et al (1995).

Shortened Relationship Conflict Tactics Scale

Social Competence – Parent

Social Competence – Teacher

Social Competence for Siblings

Social Health Profile (TOCA) – Fall

The Social Health Profile form is a combination of two measures: the TOCA-R (developed by Kellam et al and published in Werthamer- Larsson, Kellam, & Wheeler, 1991) and the Social Competence Scale (CPPRG, 1990) developed for Fast Track.

Social Health Profile (TOCA) – Spring

Social Health Profile for Siblings

Social Problem Solving Scale

Sociometrics

Spache Diagnostic Reading Scale

The Spache Diagnostic Reading Scale was published by G.D. Spache in 1963 (Spache, 1981), and has since then been revised in 1972 and 1981. The 1981 revision is being used as part of the FAST Track interview. The Spache is a set of individually administered tests for the evaluation of oral and silent reading abilities and auditory comprehension. It consists of five subtests: Recognition of Initial Consonants, Recognition of Final Consonants, Recognition of Initial Consonant Auditorily, Word Recognition, and Stories.

Strengths and Difficulties – Offspring

Suicide

Suicide (CHIP-AE, Starfield et al, 1995a) used in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.

Supervision Questionnaire – Child

Adapted from the revised version of the Supervision/Involvement Scale of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (Loeber, Farrington, Stouthamer-Loeber & van Kammen, 1998), which is related to family factors associated with delinquency (Loeber & Stouthamer-Loeber, 1986) and is based on the Moos' Family Environment Scale (Moos & Moos, 1975) and the Skinner, Steinhauer, & Santa-Barbara's (1983) Family Assessment Measure. The Pittsburgh Youth Study, The Department of Psychiatry of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

Supervision Questionnaire – Primary Caregiver

Survey of Couples

Survey of Couples is a 6-item instrument derived from The Conflict Tactics Scale which was developed by Murrary Straus to measure strategies for handling conflict within the family (Straus 1979).

Survey of Couples – Friend

Survey of Couples is a 6-item instrument derived from Straus’ Conflict Tactics. However, the wording of items and values differ from the original questions applied to partners. This survey measures frequency of occurrence of things a Fast Track respondent might have done to his/her partner as being reported by a nominated friend.

Teacher Observation of Child Adaptation-Revised (TOCA-R)

Teacher Post Ratings

Teacher Practices

Teacher Rating of Student Adjustment

Teacher Rating of Student Adjustment – Addendum

Teacher Report Form

The full measure of 113 items of Teacher Report Form of Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991) were administered prior to Grade 6. Only 34 items describing externalizing behavior problems were administered in Grade 6. This 34-item version consists of the Delinquency, Aggression and Externalizing scale item responses.

Teacher Report Form – Externalizing Items Only

Teacher Report Form (externalizing items only), (Achenbach, 1991), includes 34 items describing externalizing behavior problems. The version used with this update only consists of the Delinquency, Aggression and Externalizing scale item responses.

Teacher Social Competence

Teacher’s Check List

Teenager Experience of Racial Socialization

The Teenager Experience of Racial Socialization Scale (Stevenson, H.C., Cameron, R., Herrero-Taylor, T., Davis, G., 2002) contains 40 items that assess the degree to which African American adolescents perceive their parents as implementing proactive and protective socialization strategies about managing racism, cultural pride, and spirituality. Responses are coded on a 3-point Likert scale (0 -2; Never, A Few Times, Lots of Times).

Things That Happen To Me

Things That You Have Done

Most of the items comprising Things That You Have Done were derived from the National Youth Survey. Additional items were written specifically for Fast Track. The following sources provide information on the conceptualization and classification of delinquent behavior based on the NYS items: Elliot, D.S., Ageton, S.S., & Huizinga, D. (1985). Explaining delinquency and drug use. Beverly Hills: Siegel. Elliot, D.S., Huizinga, D., & Menard, S. (1989). Multiple problem youth: Delinquency, substance use, and mental health. New York; Springer-Verlag.

Things Your Friends Have Done

The 16 items of Things Your Friends Have Done tap domains of delinquent behavior and illicit drug use. (Elliott, D.S., Huizinga, D., & Ageton, S.S., 1985).

Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs

Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs (NLSY97). Beginning in grade 7 and thereafter the use of tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco and snuff), alcohol (beer, wine, wine coolers and liquor) and illegal drugs (marijuana, cocaine, crack, inhalants, heroin, LSD, PCP, ecstasy, mushrooms, speed and other pills not prescribed by a physician) are assessed.

Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs – Revised

Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs-Revised is a 142-item instrument based on measures used in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (NLSY97). The original version of this measure was first added to the Fast Track Protocol in study year 8. The measures assesses tobacco, alcohol and illegal drug use.

Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs – Version III

Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs III (NLSY97). Beginning in grade 7 and thereafter the use of tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco and snuff), alcohol (beer, wine, wine coolers and liquor) and illegal drugs (marijuana, cocaine, crack, inhalants, heroin, LSD, PCP, ecstasy, mushrooms, speed and other pills not prescribed by a physician) are assessed.

Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs – Version III – Friend

Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs (Friend) is a 57-item instrument based on measures used in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (NLSY97). Beginning in grade 7 and thereafter the use of tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco and snuff), alcohol (beer, wine, wine coolers and liquor) and illegal drugs (marijuana, cocaine, crack, inhalants, heroin, LSD, PCP, ecstasy, mushrooms, speed and other pills not prescribed by a physician) are assessed.

Training Other Than Schooling

Training Other Than Schooling - NLSY97 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2001; National Longitudinal Survey, 1997). This is a series of questions documenting any training (business or trade schools, GED, apprenticeship program, correspondence course, government job training) that youth experience. These questions are adapted from the training section of the NLSY97. This measure will be used at all interview assessments.

Training Other Than Schooling – Revised

Training Other Than Schooling-Revised is a series of questions documenting any training (business or trade schools, GED, apprenticeship programs, correspondence courses, government job training, etc.) that a youth might have experienced. These items are derived from the training section of the National Longitudinal Survey of 1997 from the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics.